{"id":3336,"date":"2026-06-27T16:01:59","date_gmt":"2026-06-27T16:01:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/?p=3336"},"modified":"2026-06-27T16:05:58","modified_gmt":"2026-06-27T16:05:58","slug":"%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a2%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a2%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%82%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/?p=3336","title":{"rendered":"\u092a\u093f\u0922\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0928 \u092a\u093f\u0922\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u092a\u093e\u0938\u0942\u0928 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0936\u092f \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0916\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094b\u092a \u0926\u0947\u0923\u093e\u0931\u094d\u092f\u093e &#8220;\u092a\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921&#8221;\u091a\u093e \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1013\" height=\"537\" src=\"https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/IMG-20250701-WA0060.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2978\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/IMG-20250701-WA0060.jpg 1013w, https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/IMG-20250701-WA0060-300x159.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/IMG-20250701-WA0060-768x407.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1013px) 100vw, 1013px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" data-id=\"3337\" src=\"https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/1004909650-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3337\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/1004909650-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/1004909650-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/1004909650-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/1004909650.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br><em>\u091f\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921<\/em>\u091a\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0924 \u091c\u0917\u093e\u0924 \u092a\u0939\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0926\u093e 1869 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0947<em> \u0911\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/em> \u092f\u0947\u0925\u0947 \u091d\u093e\u0932\u0940. \u091c\u0917\u093e\u0924\u0940\u0932 \u092a\u0939\u093f\u0932\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092a\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 1 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094b\u092c\u0930 1869 \u0930\u094b\u091c\u0940 \u0911\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e-\u0939\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0930\u0940\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0918\u093e\u0932\u0902. \u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u093e &#8220;Correspondenz- Karte&#8221; \u092e\u094d\u0939\u0923\u0924. \u0921\u0949. \u090f\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0941\u090f\u0932 \u0939\u0947\u0930\u092e\u0928 \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0939\u093e\u0928, \u0932\u093f\u092b\u093e\u092b\u093e \u0928\u0938\u0932\u0947\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0920\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u0939\u0935\u093e.<br>\u090f\u0915\u093e\u091a \u092c\u093e\u091c\u0942\u0932\u093e \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0906\u0923\u093f \u0926\u0941\u0938\u0931\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092c\u093e\u091c\u0942\u0932\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0932\u093f\u0939\u093e\u092f\u091a\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u092d\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940. \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0902 \u092a\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091c \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924\u0902 \u092e\u094d\u0939\u0923\u0942\u0928 \u0924\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u0947\u091a \u0932\u094b\u0915\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u091d\u093e\u0932\u0902.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"686\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/1004717037-686x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3321\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/1004717037-686x1024.png 686w, https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/1004717037-201x300.png 201w, https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/1004717037-768x1146.png 768w, https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/1004717037-1030x1536.png 1030w, https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/1004717037.png 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 686px) 100vw, 686px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br><em><strong>\u0907\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0902\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0932\u0902<\/strong><\/em><br>1870-71 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0947 \u091c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0928\u0940, \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u0928, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u091d\u0930\u094d\u0932\u0902\u0921\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0947\u0932\u0947. 1870 \u091a\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0938-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0924 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u094b\u0920\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u093e\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u0941\u0930\u094b\u092a\u092d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0933\u093e\u0932\u0940.<br>\u2712\ufe0f<br><em>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0947<\/em> \u0905\u0936\u0940 \u091d\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0924 <br>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0928\u0947 1 \u091c\u0941\u0932\u0948 1879 \u0930\u094b\u091c\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u093e\u0924 \u092a\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0947\u0932\u0902. \u0915\u093f\u0902\u092e\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u00bc \u0906\u0923\u093e \u092e\u094d\u0939\u0923\u091c\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0948\u0938\u093e. \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0924\u0940\u0932\u093e \u092b\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u091b\u093e\u092a\u0940\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0924. \u0916\u093e\u091c\u0917\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092a\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 1899 \u092a\u093e\u0938\u0942\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0917\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0933\u093e\u0932\u0940.<br>\u2712\ufe0f<br><em>\u0909\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u0923\u093f \u0906\u091c\u091a\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u0940<\/em><br>1980 \u0928\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092b\u094b\u0928 \u0906\u0923\u093f 2000 \u0928\u0902\u0924\u0930 SMS, \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f, \u0935\u094d\u0939\u0949\u091f\u094d\u0938\u0905\u0945\u092a\u092e\u0941\u0933\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0930 \u0916\u0942\u092a \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u091d\u093e\u0932\u093e. \u0924\u0930\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0906\u091c\u0939\u0940 \u092a\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u091b\u093e\u092a\u0924\u0947. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/1004413509-683x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/1004413509-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/1004413509-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/1004413509-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/1004413509.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0936\u0903)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"851\" src=\"https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/IMG-20260409-WA0073.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3246\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/IMG-20260409-WA0073.jpg 720w, https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/IMG-20260409-WA0073-254x300.jpg 254w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"819\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1003065917-819x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3198\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1003065917-819x1024.jpg 819w, https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1003065917-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1003065917-768x960.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1003065917-1229x1536.jpg 1229w, https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1003065917-1638x2048.jpg 1638w, https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1003065917.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 819px) 100vw, 819px\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u091f\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u091a\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0924 \u091c\u0917\u093e\u0924 \u092a\u0939\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0926\u093e 1869 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0947 \u0911\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092f\u0947\u0925\u0947 \u091d\u093e\u0932\u0940. \u091c\u0917\u093e\u0924\u0940\u0932 \u092a\u0939\u093f\u0932\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092a\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 1 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094b\u092c\u0930 1869 \u0930\u094b\u091c\u0940 \u0911\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e-\u0939\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0930\u0940\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0918\u093e\u0932\u0902. \u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u093e &#8220;Correspondenz- Karte&#8221; \u092e\u094d\u0939\u0923\u0924. \u0921\u0949. \u090f\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0941\u090f\u0932 \u0939\u0947\u0930\u092e\u0928 \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0939\u093e\u0928, \u0932\u093f\u092b\u093e\u092b\u093e \u0928\u0938\u0932\u0947\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0920\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u0939\u0935\u093e.\u090f\u0915\u093e\u091a \u092c\u093e\u091c\u0942\u0932\u093e \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0906\u0923\u093f \u0926\u0941\u0938\u0931\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092c\u093e\u091c\u0942\u0932\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0932\u093f\u0939\u093e\u092f\u091a\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u092d\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940. \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 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&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3338,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[40,41,42,26,47,46,25,39,43,32,24,29,28,38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3336","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-40","category-41","category-42","category-26","category-47","category-46","category-25","category-39","category-43","category-32","category-24","category-29","category-28","category-38"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3336","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3336"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3336\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3343,"href":"https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3336\/revisions\/3343"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3338"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3336"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3336"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vikasachivat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3336"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}